Positivism and study of society

Positivism and investigation of society Positivism was named by Auguste Comte in nineteenth century, which was affected by early induction of Enlightenment-with accomplish the objectives which incorporate make target information and detail the general laws. The Rationalism additionally contributed positivism to improve the human conditions yet not God (Smith, 2003, p76). Positivism has three advancement arranges after it was referenced the early positivism, the consistent positivism and standard positivism (Smith, 2003, p77). This article will talk about the early positivism and intelligent positivism. As a part of induction, the more extensive feeling of positivism is the genuine information which ought to be founded on sense encounters, and just can be progressed by perception and test, stayed away from all otherworldly or hypothesis (Urmson, 1960). Another definition in this exposition which ought to be presented is the commitments of positivism. In this paper, commitment implies the positivism how to make information t han previously yet not just spotlight on any positivistï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½s hypothesis or the commitments in a particular subject. Positivism influenced the investigations of society since mid nineteenth century to now albeit a few people bring up positivism isn't fitting for the advancement of society these days (Smith, 2003, p76). In this exposition, the commitments of positivism are the means by which the positivism makes information. The strategy of positivism was finished the hypothesis of experimentation in Enlightenment. In view of positivism strategy, the shut framework was executed in investigation of society by Positivists. The basic assessment of these commitments will be expressed in each area. This article will likewise state utilizing current sight to audit the commitments of positivism. Early positivism added to make a system of research strategy and the fundamental standards of positivism. After early positivism, ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Vienna Circleï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ built up the considerations and made legitimate positivism. Positivists followed a similar idea to discover truth out regardless of which phase of positivism. Every one of them had commitments ever. As referenced above, positivism is a part of observation. Contrasting and induction in Enlightenment, the greatest commitment of positivism is finished the approach on observation and lead the positivism almost respect to logical soul today (Heidegren, 2006, p92). Through this approach, new logical strategies will be finished and applied on sociology. The cosmology of positivism philosophy is the world is outer and objective, and the spectators ought to be autonomous and be nonpartisan in the explores (Smith, 2003). Under this circumstance, the epistemology of positivism is building estimates and afterward to discover the connections between constrained realities in social marvels, and define all inclusive laws finally (Smith, 2003). Be ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½neutralï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ and ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½objectiveï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ were positivists embed in the positivism approach and influence the entire society. Take an example for the commitment of ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½neutralï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ and ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½objectiveï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ in positivism is the positivist methodology in criminology. Prior to the positivism, criminal suspects could demonstrate their own criminal practices and this lead some criminal suspects were enduring and needed to concede the practices which were not existed. In any case, positivists thought this was not humanistic and criminal suspects ought to be maintain a strategic distance from confirmations, that implies the criminal suspects can't demonstrate their own criminal practices (Simon, 2006). Be that as it may, the commitment of ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½neutralï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ and ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½objectiveï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ has been addressed. For instance, legitimate positivism has started to be addressed as of late. Priel called attention to ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Legal positivism is the postulation that one doesn't have to depend on evaluative contemplations so as to recognize what the law isï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ in his exposition (2006). He had the inquiry concerning the legitimacy and substance of lawful positivism (Priel, 2006). In light of the positivism approach, early positivists finished the logical strategies. As a delegate of savants in Enlightenment, Bacon made ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½science of methodï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½, there were three stages in the logical technique. In the first place, mentioning objective facts and rehash the perceptions, which depended on tests. Also, order the perceptions. At long last, detailing the perceptions to laws through inductive thinking (Porter, 2007, p21-22). Comte and Durkheim acquired the logical strategy and finished this logical technique to six stages, 1) mention an objective fact, 2) recommend an inquiry, 3) detail a theory and aside from diagram, 4) testing the speculation through examination technique, 5) to investigate the information and 6) define an all inclusive law (Cohen el al, 2007). Positivism finished the strategy of logical technique, embedded ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½hypothesisï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ and ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½experimentï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½. ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Hypothesisï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ in logical stra tegy was the hypotheses of connections between factors-the circumstances and end results (Cohen el al, 2007). The ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½experimentï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ intends to make a test in a controlled fake condition which had modest number of factors, this framework was named shut framework and which will be talked about later (Smith, 2003). Theory isn't just the hypothesis of the examination, yet in addition the key of the exploration. Positivists referenced this idea of theory and lead the logical technique to become total and greater legitimacy. Essentially, the exploration is based on speculation, regardless of in normal science or sociology. For instance, logical technique is applied in regular science, for example, science, science, material science, and other else. In sociology, logical strategy is likewise applied broadly, for example, economy, legitimate framework, brain research and different subjects. Figure 1 is a genuine guide to show the theory has got one of the most significant connections in financial examination. Applying the shut framework in sociology is another commitment of the early positivism, as the idea of ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½experimentï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ which is referenced previously. Prior to the positivism, individuals just applied logical technique in characteristic science. Comte and Durkheim accept the sociology is comparable as common science and shut framework can be applied and reality and law in sociology will be found. This idea gave a model to considering the sociology and caused individuals to make more information about the general public. There are three terminations in the shut framework trial conclusion, hypothetical conclusion, and factual conclusion. Test conclusion is through the investigation strategies in a counterfeit domain to get an observational reason (Smith, 2003). This sort of conclusion is typically applied in brain science and other comparative subjects. Hypothetical conclusion is typically assembling hypothesis models to break down the connections between factors (Smith, 2003). Hypothetical conclusion has been applied in economy generally. For instance, financial analysts envision the pattern of national economy through the hypothesis models. The last conclusion is factual conclusion which means discovering connections between various factors through quantitative quantifiable informational collections (Smith, 2003). This conclusion is utilized in economy, brain research, political theory and different subjects broadly. For instance, consumer loyalty examination, assessment of constituent outcomes, etc . Early positivists let individuals examine and comprehend society better through applied logical technique and shut framework in investigation of sociology and attempted to acquire distinct target information. Be that as it may, a few burdens are existed when positivists applying logical strategy and shut framework in investigation of sociology. There are such a large number of other eccentric factors exist outside of the limit of shut framework which can influence the outcomes (Smith, 2003). Moreover, some social factors can't be quantifiable, for example, convictions and logical strategy perhaps not appropriate for this circumstance (Bryman Bell, 2007). Intelligent positivism is an improvement of early positivism and showed up in mid 1920s (Smith, 2003). A gathering of logicians who had casual conversations at the University of Vienna and they were named ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Vienna Circleï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ (Smith, 2003). The coherent positivism was advanced by ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Vienna Circleï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½, the focal point of the legitimate positivism was still keep away from any sort of transcendentalism and theoretical endeavors (Smith, 2003). As per Ganguly (1967), intelligent positivism is a sort of the experimentation which with a reason that the articles can be obvious observationally and significant. Contrasting and early positivism, intelligent positivism has aspiration to all information which can't be confirmed (Smith, 2003). One of the commitments of coherent positivism is the importance of the hypothesis ought to be transferable. Legitimate positivists proposed accomplish this objective through engineered and logical articulation (Ganguly, 1967). Ayer was a popular positivist who contributed much in legitimate positivism, and he called attention to that the language which was utilized in science should straightforward, clear and liberated from perplexity (Ganguly, 1967). Smith brought up that this proposition ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½led numerous to allude to this new approach as the ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½linguistic turnï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ in the way of thinking of the social sciences.ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ (2003) Another commitment of consistent positivism is legitimate positivists give unquestionable status standard. Consolidating with acceptance in consistent positivism, sensible positivists accepted the genuine worth free could be accomplished (Ganguly, 1967). Prior to the intelligent positivism, explores depended on designersï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ purposes, consequently, the inquires about would be upset by designersï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ feelings in spite of the fact that they attempted to stay away from that. For instance, in some showcasing fulfillment examinations, the poll will bring analysts abstract and driving the appropriate responses. So

Helen Keller Essay Research Paper Imagine a free essay sample

Helen Keller Essay, Research Paper Envision an existence without having the option to see or hear and non cognizing how to pass on with anybody around you. That universe of haziness is the thing that Helen Keller lived in for six mature ages. Helen Keller has been a motivation to individuals ever since she turned six. From 1886-1960, she demonstrated herself to be an originative and vivifying grown-up female of America. She was a creator and lector who battled for the privileges of denied individuals everywhere throughout the universe. Most essentially, she defeated her two most hard hindrances, being visually impaired and hard of hearing. Helen Keller dedicated her life to bettering the guidance and mediation of the visually impaired, hard of hearing, and tragically challenged individual and fighting for minorities each piece great. Miss Keller was one of the first to instruct the people and do them insightful of incurred people # 8217 ; conceivable. In view of her coherence and quality, she is viewed as an originati ve and alone soul by numerous individuals of the universe, especially the individuals who can partner to her physical harms. Helen Keller was brought into the world a solid child. At the point when Helen was 19 months old, she got wiped out with what was known as intense clog of the encephalon and belly ; this is currently known as vermilion febrility. As a result, she was left visually impaired, hard of hearing, and not too sharp individual. For a large number of her prior mature ages Helen lived in haziness with extremely scarcely any approaches to pass on with others around her. Clearly her endeavors were non ever fruitful. At the point when she neglected to pass on she would pitch fits and have upheaval that would agitate non just her, however her family unit each piece great. As a result of these savage fits of rage, she seemed, by all accounts, to be an extremely disorderly child, however underneath the entirety of the catastrophe was a future motivational figure that would shock the universe with bewildering and boundless capacities. A major aggregate of Helen # 8217 ; s accomplishments would non hold been conceivable in the event that it weren # 8217 ; T for her female parent and male parent. Her folks read about Samuel Gridley Howe # 8217 ; s accomplishments with the hard of hearing and visually impaired at the Perkins Institution in Boston. With this discernment, her male parent carried his young lady to Alexander Graham Bell, a family unit companion who was acceptable known in the public arena. Chime was so interested by six twelvemonth old Helen that he suggested that she contact the Perkins Institute for the Blind in Boston. Anne Sullivan, who was other than an ongoing Perkins former student, was proposed to be Helen # 8217 ; s educator by Michael Anagnos. Michael Anagnos was the teacher of Samuel Gridley Howe, an honorable man who was holding incredible achievement working with the hard of hearing and visually impaired at Perkins ( Noteworthy 389 ) . Helen # 8217 ; s most prominent motivation and deep rooted companion, Anne Sullivan, showed up at her place in Alabama in March of 1887. In just a team of hebdomads, Helen discovered that everything had a name and that she could pass on with others by using the manual letters in order. Helen other than found that she could use the manual letter set and lip perusing to turn out her insight. The manual letters in order is a framework that contains 26 manus images, one for every message of the letter set. It is utilized to thumb spell words. Following a few months of example, she learned 100s of new words. In the focal point of July, just four months after Sullivan # 8217 ; s coming to, Helen had the option to make her extremely first letter to her female parent. People groups around the universe were so astonied by her accomplishments that her first life was composed when she was simply 14 mature ages old ( Ashby A ; Orhn 190 ) . After the prior triumphs, Helen and her educator both left for the Perkins Institute for the Blind in Boston in 1888 to flexibly Helen with a progressively formal guidance. Helen and Miss Sullivan moved to New York in 1894 with the end goal for Helen to break down at the Wright Humason School for the hard of hearing. Anne fund-raised with the goal that her student could go to the Cambridge School for Young Ladies. In 1896, Helen started her surveies at Cambridge which included French, Greek, writing, science, geographics, and history. She so proceeded to go to Radcliffe College in 1980. In 1904, she graduated cum laude and got her AB Degree ( Noteworthy 390 ) . Not only did Helen help the associations for the visually impaired, however she helped people each piece great. Helen connected with help a juvenile four twelvemonth old male youngster who, similar to her, was hard of hearing, visually impaired and almost totally senseless individual. His name was Tommy Stringer. Helen persuaded Michael Anagnos to recognize him into Perkins. She other than raised a store for the juvenile male youngster. Over clasp, Helen has gathered a colossal total of grants. These honors include: Brazil # 8217 ; s Order of the Southern Cross, Japan # 8217 ; s Sacred Treasure, the Philippine # 8217 ; s Golden Heart, Lebanon # 8217 ; s Gold Medal of Merit, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. The National Institute of Arts and letters chose her position as great. In 1952, during the Louis Braille Centennial Commemoration, Helen was made a Chevalier of the Gallic Legion of Honor ( # 8221 ; Hero # 8221 ; 2 ) She had in the long run gotten all the affirmation and grant that she merited. Beside being one of the soonest visually impaired, hard of hearing, and suppress individual to go dynamic in the public eye, Helen was other than an essayist. Her first self-portrayal, The Story of My Life, was distributed in 1902 with the guide of Ann Sullivan and John Macy. The Narrative of My Life be came a worldwide smash hit and was converted into 50 etymological interchanges. Before she had even graduated school in 1903, Helen composed a 7,500-word paper called Optimism. Idealism mirrored the integrity that Helen found throughout everyday life. After she graduated in 1904, she turned out to be considerably increasingly associated with society. In 1906 Massachusetts organized it # 8217 ; s State Commission for the Blind. Gov. Curtis Guild, Jr. delegated Helen to the advisory group ( Noteworthy 390 ) . The World I Live In was distributed in 1909. It was a total of papers about Helen # 8217 ; s perceptual encounters of the universe around her. Other than that twelvemonth, she turned into an individual from the Socialist party. She was a forceful suffragist and favored solid and self-attesting strategies. During this clasp she other than advanced a texture work stoppage that took topographic point in Lawrence, Mass. The work stoppage was driven my the Industrial Workers of the World. Bing a communist made Helen # 8217 ; s life more rush and gave her life to a greater extent a plan. Her convictions were reflected through her work of this period. In 1910 A Song of the Stone Wall was distributed. This steadfast section structure w as 600 lines in length. This was the remainder of her incredible stanza structure. It is said that, # 8220 ; After Anne Sullivan and John Macy # 8217 ; s marriage finished Keller neer again composed with such verse power, # 8221 ; ( Noteworthy 390 ) . In addition, an accumulation of communist expositions entitled, Out of the Dark, was distributed in 1913. Helen got dynamic in political relations one time again when the President surrendered lack of bias in World War I ( Noteworthy 391 ) . She was against war and upheld the Industrial Workers of the World one time again. Helen other than started to back up numerous different movements during this clasp, for example, the abolishment of capital punishment and child work, the anti-conception medication movement, what's more the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Her commitment with this impossible to miss bunch appeared to be the most disputable and it goaded her family unit and companions back in her place region of Alabama. The American Foundation for the Blind was established in 1924 and approached Helen to help raise financess for the establishment. Helen consented to run for the American Foundation for the Blind. She raised 2,000,000 dollars and disperse open cognizance ( Briggs 307 ) . In 1929, the second volume of her personal history, Midstream: My Later L ife, was distributed. Helen kept on adjusting the universe during the 1930s. She started to press the masses in Washington for resolution law for the visually impaired. She was profoundly effective and got the Pratt measure passed. The Pratt measure gave government subsidized perusing administrations to the visually impaired. She other than turned into the VP of the Royal National Institute for the Blind in the United Kingdom in 1932. In 1935 she helped execute Title X in the 1935 Social Security Act. This perceived the visually impaired as a gathering to have government award help. After the assault of Pearl Harbor in World War II, Helen upheld President Roosevelt # 8217 ; s assurance to fall in with the vote based systems. She gave her help by visiting military hospitals. After 1960, Helen resigned from her open discourse creation and voyaging. Her wellbeing was get bringing down to intensify. She had a shot in October of 1961 which made her take herself from the outside universe. She was granted the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1964 however sent her family to acknowledge the honor in Washington. In 1968, Helen Keller kicked the bucket of arteriosclerotic chest ailment in her place in Westport, Connecticut. Helen became referred to worldwide as # 8220 ; one of the most solitary children in being # 8221 ; by the terminal of 1887 ( Noteworthy 389 ) . Her long lasting end was to help the denied, particularly the visually impaired and the hard of hearing. She immensy affected Perkins. Her troublesome work and devotedness helped her to show signs of improvement of her handicaps furthermore motivated others to show signs of improvement of theirs. Helen pushed for the privileges of the visually impaired. She was an aide to grown-up females # 8217 ; s option to cast a ballot and the universal harmony movement before World War I. Numerous authorities and foundations have been named after Helen Keller as great. Helen Keller International was set-up to fight blindness known to man. As of now, Helen Keller International is probably the greatest association that works with the visually impaired abroad ( # 8221 ; The Life # 8221 ; 3 ) . In 1986, the Industrial Home for the Blind was renamed to Helen Keller Serv

Arts Paper

Arts Paper Arts Paper Arts paper (art essay) is a composition that describes either an object or performance. As any type of college paper, paper in Arts can be descriptive, argumentative or involve critical thinking. Many students neglect professor’s instructions and remember only the title of the college essay paper. This mistake is usually worth of points reduction, when art essay is submitted to the tutor. There are various research paper topics for arts papers, such as: Chinese Arts paper Greek Arts paper Ancient Theater essay Art essay about poetry or specific poem As art has been with us for centuries, there are plenty of interesting topics that can be used in arts paper of any kind. Art differs not only by the form, but also by its origin. Therefore, college paper writing is always connected with reading books and periodical in order to conduct a valid research. For instance, theater arts in ancient China and Greece are two totally different things. Topics, heroes, themes, costumes, even the way actors play are different. When writing arts paper, be ready to recognize such differences and the fact that they vary depending on the nation and location. Arts Paper Writing To write an art essay, student should research the topic first. It is very important to find out where and how this flow has originated. Even the art of specific people and the themes they expressed in their works was connected with certain things. Be ready to answer not only the â€Å"What† questions, but also â€Å"Why† questions. By doing this in the arts paper, student can attract the attention of teacher and receive a better grade. In conclusion, you can either paraphrase key points of an art essay or just write in your own words of what you think about this issue. If you experience any difficulties with arts paper writing, go online and buy art paper at.com, which specializes on writing art papers, Chinese art papers, Greek art papers, and other types of a college paper. Our writers have access to the world’s biggest libraries and databases. Therefore, they have scarce periodical and books, which can be used in art essay writing. They can turn any research, term paper, even arts paper, be original, logical, and argumentative. Just give us a try and let our professionals work on your college paper or arts paper.

Technical Paper - 2497 Words

Technical Paper: Risk Assessment Strayer University CIS 502 December 15, 2013 Risk Assessment Describe the company network, interconnection, and communication environment. In order to support their growing business, Global Finance, Inc. (GFI) has taken necessary actions to ensure their network remains fault tolerant and resilient from any network failures. GFI has acquired network devices in order to support their network and maintain interconnection among their employees and customers. The World Trade Organization defines interconnection as: â€Å"Linking with suppliers providing public telecommunications transport networks or services in order to allow the users of one supplier to communicate with users of another†¦show more content†¦GFI cannot afford system outages because its cash flow and financial systems heavily depend on the network stability. GFI has experienced DOS network attacks twice this year and its Oracle database and email servers had been down for a week. The recovery process required GFI to use $25,000 to restore its operations back to normal. GFI estimated the loss from these network attacks at more than $100,000 including lost customer confidence. GFI’s failure to incorporate proper firewall devices at Internet access points can be linked to DOS network attacks and Oracle database and email servers being down. Network security is just as important as securing the company’s web site and related applications. Networks, because of the sensitive data they usually give access to, a re one of the most targeted public faces of an organization. Here are the top 5 network security vulnerabilities that are often omitted from typical reviews, and some tips to avoid making the same mistakes: †¢ Network Security Omission #1: Missing patches—all it takes for an attacker, or a rogue insider, is a missing patch on a server that permits an unauthenticated command prompt or other backdoor path into the web environment. 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The Decline Of The Roman Empire Essay - 1768 Words

The Roman Empire was or could be one of the greatest empires to have ever existed to this day. Just like many empires the Roman Empire fell to betrayal, religion, and war. Lasting from 27BC to 1453 the Roman Empire to me is the most interesting empire to talk about. When you take any history class that explores times outside the US, you hear about the Roman Empire being involved some way or somehow. The Roman Empire history can go on for days. I will pack most of the history into a small 5 page essay and if you don’t know anything about the Roman Empire, You will have a better understanding and will more than likely see why I believe the Roman Empire was one of the greatest of all time. Some ask for the bad news first as do I. So I will start this essay telling you how the Roman Empire fell. There are plenty reasons argued as to why the greatest empire fell. I’ve seen plenty of reason but with my research I believe I found the best reason why Rome fell. The western part of the empire had trouble with invasions by barbarian tribes. Rome lost many military forces by these invasions. Germanic tribes were the main struggle for centuries. The Romans uncovered a Germanic uprising in the late fourth century. In 410 the Visigoth King Alaric successfully invaded the city of Rome. The Empire spent the next several decades under constant threat before the Eternal City was raided again in 455 by the Vandals. Finally, in 476, the Germanic leader Odoacer staged a revolt and defeated theShow MoreRelatedThe Decline Of The Roman Empire1463 Words   |  6 PagesWhat were the most important reasons for the decline of the Roman Empire? Why? The fall of the Western Roman Empire is a very broad topic because there were a multitude of continuous events that led to the disappearance of one of the most legendary empires of the world. 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Some of the contributing factors to the rise of Constantine begun with the wars with the Persians that they were facing, in addition to managing the northern Germanic tribes which contained many of the Roman military resources (Irvin, History of the World Christian Movement, 160). As the Roman Empire began working with someRead MoreThe Decline Of The Roman Empire Essay2032 Words   |  9 Pages By the seventh and eighth centuries, the Roman empire had undergone a series of cultural changes, including an influx of Germanic tribes, political reforms, and most of all, the rise to prominence of Christianity. These social changes have prompted a historical debate over when the Roman Empire fell. According to the Belgian historian, Henry Pirenne, the Roman empire did not die in 476 AD as many of his nineteenth and early twentieth century colleagues maintained. Instead, Pireene argued that Rome

Oriented Mental Health Services

Question: Discuss about the Oriented Mental Health Services. Answer: Introduction: In the previous century, institutionalisation had been an important concept where mental health patients were isolated and treated in Psychiatric hospitals. They had been the only companion for treating g the patients with severe mental illness. They were mainly kept out from the community settings and were treated in such hospitals (Sklar et al., 2013). Several reasons have been noted by researchers for such an activity which included the attitude and the various stigmas that were exhibited by the people of those days against mentally ill people ("History of Mental Health Treatment Dual Diagnosis", 2017). Moreover, there was a belief that people who are suffering from mental illness are best treated in such hospitals with its important settings (Shen Snowden, 2014). Researchers also commented that resources were also thought to be the reason which prevented any sort of community treatments. A large number of negative effects were intricately associated with the admission of mental health patients in such hospitals ("What Is the Real Cause of Mass Shootings Today?", 2017). One of the most noted negative issues was that people used to think that patients once admitted there can never hope or make expectations to recover. The main idea that prevailed in those days were that such institutions were warehouse built to keep mentally ill patients for a large period of time with very little expectation that they can ever come back to normal lives (Green Harvey, 2014). The essay will mainly cover the concept of deinstitutionalisation of mental health patients thereby showing the success of Recovery oriented mental health framework in following the new customs of mental health treatment. However, in the later 50s of the 20th century, researchers and diffe rent experts looked over the entire state of mental health hospitals and severely criticised the technique for treatment of mental health patients. Different nations shifted the treatment of mental health patient to developed community settings which had a significant impact on the mental health of the patients (Schriff, Cavender Hoover, 2013). This technique mainly focused on two important criteria. The first focus was the reduction in the number of the population of mental health patients, releasing patients when recovered, shortening their stays with specially decreasing the admission and readmission rates. The other focus had mainly been the reformation of the different mental health institutionalisations process ("Deinstitutionalization - causes, effects, therapy, person, people, health, Definition, History", 2017). This was mainly done for the complete elimination of dependency, hopelessness and similar other feelings. Three main factors were mostly noted to be the main contributing factors for deinstitutionalisation movement (McWade, 2015). These were the movement based on the socio-political background for community mental health and also open hospitals, advent of psychotropic medicines for controlling the different psychotic episodes along with financial imperatives in different nations (Perry, 2016). Just like dif ferent nations have implemented this system of treatment for mental health patients, Australia had also taken an active step by the release of the national framework for recovery-oriented mental health services. This was proposed b y the eminent researchers and policy makers which have thereby helped the government to initiate initiatives that covered each and every aspect of mental health treatment (Shen Snowden, 2014). It was published under Dr Peggy Brown who is the chairperson of Australian Health Ministers Advisory Council with guidance from Professor John Allan and previously by Dr Ruth Vine. A very good aspect can be depicted from the framework is that it had made lived experience as the heart of discussion. It is a very good procedure as the ordinary people will be able to associate themselves with their experiences and thereby relate to them and be more comfortable while proceeding with the treatment (Scheid, 2016). Moreover the framework had not only involved the practitioners and the patients but also helped to guide the family members and also the carers of such patients ("Department of Health , A National framework for recovery-oriented mental health services: guide for practitioners and providers", 2017). The framework has been based on the National Standards for Mental Health Services 2010 indicating the healthcare practitioners to use the standards as a guide This had thereby provided them a consort to abide by which has made their treatment much easier. It had created a very clear concept of different recovery oriented practice domains without any medical terms (Kidd et al., 2014). This had become very simple fir even the novice family members or cares to understand their responsibilities besides practitioners. This framework has stressed upon the mentally ill patient as the prime focus and encouraged a holistic approach rather than tradition medical skills to treat him. Over the years, researchers suggest people feel socially included by integrating holistic approaches (Bond et al., 2014). The framework had also provided the importance for supporting them for personal recovery along with organisational commitment and workforce development. They have stressed on social inclusion and also different social determinants. Researches over the years have also proved by altering the social determinants for the betterment of the patient and by making him feel important and loved by including at the social level had resulted in faster recovery (Kidd, Kenny Mckinstry, 2014). The framework had rightfully placed importance of important core principles, values and also behavioural skills with different practice examples that provide an individual an overview about how such sensitive cases should be handled for best results ("National Framework for Recovery-Oriented Mental Health Services Launch - Occupational Therapy Australia", 2017). Practice guidelines that need to be provided include important criteria required for maintenance like treating the health and well being along with different life circumstances and also different culture and also diversity. Other important criteria that need to be looked over by them are the age and the stage of the mental illness, socioeconomic status and also the individuals and the communities that are involved in the studies (Slade et al., 2014). When a practitioners or healthcare staffs prepares an intervention after thoroughly taking and judging the above mentioned criteria of a patient, he can assure to provide the best treatment tailor made with this person centred approach. Therefore, the Recovery Framework published By Australian Government has rightly followed every necessary steps required to maintain the deinstitutionalisation of mental illness. The guidelines have been found to be successful in establishing community settings as an effective care shelter for mental health patients where their hopes and aspirations to recover and coming back to life is respected and worked for. Keeping in mind the importance of diversity management in interventions are necessary to maintain dignity and ethnicity and moral virtues associated with it. Integration of framework is a very good step as risk management for mental patients are very important as they are vulnerable to various dangers and threats. References Bond, G. R., Drake, R. E., McHugo, G. J., Peterson, A. E., Jones, A. M., Williams, J. (2014). Long-term sustainability of evidence-based practices in community mental health agencies. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 41(2), 228-236. Deinstitutionalization - causes, effects, therapy, person, people, health, Definition, History. (2017). Minddisorders.com. Retrieved 18 March 2017, from https://www.minddisorders.com/Br-Del/Deinstitutionalization.html Department of Health | A National framework for recovery-oriented mental health services: guide for practitioners and providers. (2017). Health.gov.au. Retrieved 18 March 2017, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/mental-pubs-n-recovgde Green, M. F., Harvey, P. D. (2014). Previously institutionalized older patients with schizophrenia show changes in cognitive and functional capacity over time. This study examined changes in real-world functioning in a sample of people with schizophrenia who varied in their history of long-term institutionalization and related changes in real world functioning to changes in cognition and functional capacity over the follow-up period...Schizophrenia Research,1(1), e47-e52. History of Mental Health Treatment | Dual Diagnosis. (2017). Dual Diagnosis. Retrieved 18 March 2017, from https://www.dualdiagnosis.org/mental-health-and-addiction/history/ Kidd, S., Kenny, A., McKinstry, C. (2014). From experience to action in recovery-oriented mental health practice: A first person inquiry.Action Research,12(4), 357-373. McWade, B. (2015). Temporalities of mental health recovery. Subjectivity, 8(3), 243-260 National Framework for Recovery-Oriented Mental Health Services Launch - Occupational Therapy Australia. (2017). Otaus.com.au. Retrieved 18 March 2017, from https://www.otaus.com.au/divisions/wa-enews-articles/national-framework-for-recovery-oriented-mental-health-services-launch Perry, B. L. (Ed.). (2016).50 Years after Deinstitutionalization: Mental Illness in Contemporary Communities. Emerald Group Publishing. Scheid, T. L. (2016). An Institutional Analysis of Public Sector Mental Health in the Post-Deinstitutionalization Era. In50 Years After Deinstitutionalization: Mental Illness in Contemporary Communities(pp. 63-87). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Schrift, M., Cavender, A., Hoover, S. (2013). Mental Illness, Institutionalization and Oral History in Appalachia: Voices of Psychiatric Attendants.Journal of Appalachian Studies, 82-107. Shen, G. C., Snowden, L. R. (2014). Institutionalization of deinstitutionalization: a cross-national analysis of mental health system reform.International journal of mental health systems,8(1), 47. Sklar, M., Groessl, E. J., O'Connell, M., Davidson, L., Aarons, G. A. (2013). Instruments for measuring mental health recovery: a systematic review. Clinical psychology review, 33(8), 1082-1095. Slade, M., Amering, M., Farkas, M., Hamilton, B., O'Hagan, M., Panther, G., ... Whitley, R. (2014). Uses and abuses of recovery: implementing recovery?oriented practices in mental health systems.World Psychiatry,13(1), 12-20. What Is the Real Cause of Mass Shootings Today?. (2017). The Balance. Retrieved 18 March 2017, from https://www.thebalance.com/deinstitutionalization-3306067

Natural Blends Inc Essay Example

Natural Blends Inc Essay NATURAL BLENDS Inc Here we have 3 processes to consider, the Extraction, Filtration and Concentration. Extraction has a maximum capacity of 20,000 lbs/hr Filtration has a maximum capacity of 20,000 lbs/hr Concentration has a maximum capacity of 18,000 lbs/hr For Extraction we have a setup time of 20 minutes. For Filtration we have a setup time of 30 minutes after 90 minutes of filtration. For Concentration there is no setup time loss. The processes are simultaneous in nature, and there is no buffer in between. So, if there is a shutdown of a single process, the entire system shuts down. Now, if we do consider a 2 hour time slot, then there will be effectively production for 1 and ? hours due to filtration setup time: For Extraction: The maximum production is 30,000 lbs. For Filtration: The maximum production is 30,000 lbs. For Concentration: The maximum production is 27,000 lbs. So the bottle neck operation is the Concentration process and the production rate will be 13,500 lbs/hour. A cycle is completed in 2hrs. PART A Assumption: We are considering that since oranges are of same type the bin will be changed after 3 and ? rs of production. The bin will be changed when the Filtration process will be stopped to change filter. Hence, saving valuable time. 1a. Amount of orange production possible in 1 day (8 Hrs) =13500*8=108000 lbs There is a loss of utilization time of 30 mins (due to filtration process) per 2 hours of the whole system. 1b. The idle time for the extraction process in a day would be = (1/2)*4= 2 hours We see that there is a bottle neck condition in th e Concentration process, so we will install a storage capacity in between Filtration and Concentration. a. We will add storage tank between step 3 and step 4. The capacity of tank will be 3000 lbs. 2b. If we add storage tank between step 2 and step 3, then The maximum production of Extraction process is 20,000lbs/hr. The maximum production of Filtration is also 20,000lbs/hr. But Filtration works for only 90 min. So effective production rate is =20,000*1. 5 =30,000lbs for 2 hrs i. e. 15,000/hr considering a cycle of 2 hrs the maximum production of Extraction is 40,000 lbs and that of Filtration is 30,000. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Blends Inc specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Blends Inc specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Blends Inc specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thus a tank of capacity 5,000lbs can be added between them. But adding tank between Extraction and Filtration will not increase the daily production. When a storage tank is added between Filtration and Concentration, Now for 2 hours slot, we see that there is a processing deficit of 3000(30,000-27,000) lbs. So we install storage of capacity 3000lbs. This will increase the daily production. Daily production= 30,0004= 120,000 lbs Thus there is increase of 12,000lbs/day after adding a storage tank. 3a. Additional fixtures of $20,000 for Filtration process and $10,000 for Extraction should be done to maximize the output. 3b. As discussed in question 2a and 2b the capacity of storage tank, which can be added between Filtration and Concentration should be 3,000lbs. The cost of construction of tank is given as $30/lbs. Hence the total cost for construction of storage tank will be 30 x 3000= $90,000, and the production will increase to 120,000 lbs/day. When additional fixtures are added in Filtration and Extraction process the setup time will reduce by 50% i. . the setup time for Extraction will be 10 min and that for Filtration will be 15 min. So our 2 hour cycle will be reduced to 1 hr 45min cycle. So an additional 1 hr will be available for production. Now number cycle per day will increase to= 8/1. 75= 4. 57 cycles per day. The production in one cycle will be same i. e. 27,000lbs. Hence the daily production will increase to 27,000 x 4. 57= 123,390 lbs The cost of improvement will be $20,000 for Filtration and $10,000 for extraction. Hence total cost will be $30,000. PART B Assumption: Since the amount of different sizes of oranges processed should be equal in a week and each size should be processed at least once per day, we can consider the following schedule; DAY0-2hrs2-4 hrs4-6 hrs6-8 hrs 1BAAC 2C BBA 3A CCB 4BCCA 5CBBA 6ACCB Where A, B and C represents large, medium and small oranges respectively, such that A=B=C 4a. The setup change in Extraction will happen for three times. 4b. As seen in the above schedule the setup is changed for 3 times. 4c. The quantity of oranges of particular size which will be processed before switching to other size will be 54,000 pounds. The maximum time same size of oranges will be processed is 4 hrs. The production for 2hr cycle is 27,000lbs, hence the maximum quantity is 54,000lbs. 4d. The total amount of juice concentrate processed is 108,000 lbs. as the production for 1 cycle of 2 hrs is 27,000lbs and there are 4 such cycles hence total production will be 108,000 lbs Submitted by:- Joydeep Mukherjee Rejo Matthew Tushar Deshmukh Vinay Panwar

75+ Interesting History Research Paper Topics - Paperell.com

75+ Interesting History Research Paper Topics 75+ Interesting History Research Paper Topics Some people say that history is boring, and a lot find it completely obsolete. However, what most people aren’t aware of is the very fact that history teaches us not to repeat the same mistakes and it teaches us how to be noble and appreciate more the time we live in. Students are becoming keener on history, so they decide to come up with history research paper topics with thorough research of historical events to write about. However, if you are unable to come up with the most appropriate topic, we are here to present you with a list of very intriguing topics to focus on.How to choose a topic for a research paper?Not being able to make the right decision on what topic to dedicate your time to is more than understandable since history is the subject that gives you a vast choice. Therefore, a lot of students find themselves lost on how to choose a research topic when there are so many interesting history research paper topics.The best way to choose a good topic would be to focu s on historical figures that you admire or that you think that marked one period in history so much that they changed the present time as well. You don’t have to rely on writing about wars as you can write about festivals, games, and free time activities in certain past ages as well as mythology, mystery, and religion. Life in middle ages can be an interesting subject, for example.However, students who struggle with their writing skills can always buy a research paper online from reliable writing services that will teach them the art of writing on good history research paper topics. On the other hand, those who would like to try to write the papers themselves can get help with college papers online as well by working with a person who is an expert in that field.What’s more, when choosing the topic, make sure there are enough study materials because it’s important that you have resources you can lean on in case you ran out of ideas. Then again, you should, of cou rse, avoid plagiarism since this might severely harm your academic reputation. Therefore, if you are not sure how to provide the right citation and references, don’t hesitate to get help from people who can do it with eyes closed.Controversial topic in history for research paperFinding a subject that is going to spark other people’s interest and encourage them to read your writing assignment is not easy, but luckily, there are a variety of controversial research topics as well as debatable topics for research paper that can encourage other students to share their opinions on the subject. Here are just a few to help you start:Why has nationalism failed to become a primary source of identity in the Arab States, but it has everywhere else?How were women treated in the Soviet occupied zone during World War Two?What happened in Germany after the fall of Hitler and the Nazis?Did the Holocaust experiments achieve anything scientifically other than pointless cruelty?Why was co mmunism perceived as a bad system historically?Was the Spanish Inquisition morally justified?What sort of presence did the papal inquisitions of the 12-14th centuries have in England?Why is Niccolo Machiavelli considered the founder of political science?What’s the story behind the assassination of John F. Kennedy?Were the forms of state institutions a contributing factor to the Great Divergence?How free was the British press during the 19th century?Was the Six Days War a preemptive strike or an act of aggression?Who was Abu Hamid al-Ghazali and were his ideas good for the Islamic world?Did the Native Americans resist assimilation?Did the United States use atomic bombs on Japan to end the war or to prevent the Soviet Union from amassing influence in Asia?What led to the great immigration wave from Syria?Why is the fall of Constantinople in 1453 considered to be one of the saddest moment in the history of humankind?Topics about all the agesHistory covers so many ages and so man y times, and that’s what gives you the necessary variety in order to write a good research paper.Ancient history research paper topicsWhen you think about history, a lot of people focus on the two world wars without even taking into consideration the ancient history such as Ancient Rome, Ancient Greece or Egypt that provide so many interesting ancient history topics for research paper. However, not only Rome and Greece were interesting since you have many other populations who lived in ancient times but whose history is less known.What was mannerism like in ancient times, and how did people behave towards each other?How was winter warfare conducted during ancient history (5000BC to 500AD)?Were there protests and demonstrations in ancient times?What are the greatest infantry battles of ancient history?Who had the strongest military in ancient history?Did anyone ever object to the Gladiatorial Games in Ancient Rome on moral grounds?How were slaves treated in Ancient Rome and wh y they didn’t unite in groups to demand more rights?Was it a pure coincidence that democracy emerged in Ancient Greece and what led to it in general?What is the story of Theagenes of Thasos who was the strongest fighter in Ancient Greece?Why was Ancient Rome more influential that Ancient Greece?How did police work in Ancient Rome?What are some similarities and differences between Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece?What was the life of civilians like in Ancient Rome?How did philosophy become so popular in Ancient Greece?Who was Alexander the Great, and why is he considered to be one of the greatest leaders in history?Which people from Ancient Rome are worth admiration and why?Which people from Ancient Greece are worth admiration and why?What was the role of gods in Ancient Greece?How was ancient Egypt different from Ancient Greece and Rome?How did voting work in Ancient Greece?Middle Ages research topicsMedieval history, Middle Ages, renaissance represent a historical period of c hange, development but also of wars and new laws which leaves you with a lot of Middle Age topics. There are many stories about medieval history and renaissance, for example, which could be explored to a much greater extent.How did mixed-religion marriages work in the Middle Ages?How common was excommunication in the High Middle Ages, and how were these people treated?How did humans cope with poor eyesight in the Middle Ages?What crimes were common in medieval history?Who was King Richard III?Why were the Middle Ages considered to be the Age of Discovery?What differences in architecture existed between Early and Late Middle Ages?What led to the Byzantine revival?What was life like for the intellectuals of the Middle Ages?What was life like in Venice in the time of the Renaissance?How were North European High Middle Ages different from Italian renaissance?What events that happened in medieval times changed history?Did the Crusades set the stage for the greater stability of the High M iddle Ages?What was the life of an average person like in the Middle Ages in Europe?Was there much interest in the Qu’ran in medieval Europe?What discoveries were made in medieval Europe?Who was Nicholas of Cusa?Why 1492 a significant year?How was a renaissance in Russia different from the one in the western countries?How were cities developed in Medieval Europe?Modern world history topicsModern day history has been marked with plenty of negative events since there were two world wars, flu pandemic, decolonization but also the birth of the digital revolution which can be an endless resource of ideas for 20th-century topics so take a look at the ones below.What made nationalism a major issue in the 20th century?Why was the Eastern front different from the Western front during World War I?How did the US military transition from the Civil War in 1865 to World War I in 1914?Why were cubism and surrealism so popular in the 20th century?What was the status/role of women in the USSR through the 20th century?Why didnt any western countries intervene in Communist China in the mid-20th century?What was the role of Italy in WWII?Why did the Great Depression start in the United States?What were international relations like between the two World Wars?What happened between the two World Wars in countries that participated in World War One?What was Vichy France in WWII and what ideology it presented?What goods were mass-produced in the 20th century?What inventions marked the 20th century?Who were the most important leaders in WWII?Why are the 1920s called the Roaring Twenties?How did the world recover after World War II?What led to the Spanish Civil War in 1936?What happened to the British Empire after World War One?To what extent did mainstream Russian society adopt Soviet ideals?What was art and music like in the 20th century?What events marked the 20th century in Australia?Were there any states that could be called totalitarian that existed before the 20th century? What were the greatest presidential speeches in the 20th century?What caused so many empires to die out in the 20th century?What were the most significant inventions and technological advances in the 20th century?World history research paper topicsIf you would like to write a topic on world history but you cannot decide whether you find European, Asian, African or even history of Middle East interesting, you can rely on the following subjects that might help you narrow down your choice, or you can simply borrow one of ours.European history research paper topicsAs a continent, Europe, in general, was blessed with a very rich history that wasn’t always quite bright or positive if we take into account the wars and Inquisition, the Crusades and so many other events that made the continent as it is now. However, thanks to all those events, there are many interesting European history topics that you can explore.What led to Yugoslav wars in Eastern Europe?Why has Western Europe alwa ys been more developed than the East?What significant battles occurred in Central Europe?How was the English so ready to switch to the Church of England?Who were the cruelest rulers of France?What led to the French Revolution?Did any other country besides Russia use women soldiers during World War Two?Why was the Battle of Dunkirk of great importance in WWII?What really triggered World War One?What was Hitlers reasoning in attacking the Soviets during WWII?When did England and France shift from being enemies to being allies?Was the Holocaust the worst crime that occurred in Europe?What nation has had the most influential culture in Europe throughout history?What led to the rise of Gothic architecture?What was it like to live under Josip Broz Tito?What were the differences between feudalism in Western Europe and Eastern Europe?What led to the fall of great Yugoslavia?How did the Balkan wars reshape the map of Europe?Historically, what were some common stereotypes of Eastern Orthodox Christians in Europe?What was life like in Asian Soviet countries?Who was Gavrilo Princip?How did the Industrial Revolution change European countries?What led to the fall of the Berlin Wall and what came afterward?What was the Iberian Peninsula’s role in the World Wars?Why is Dutch colonization less known than the British or the French one?What factors contributed to the mass degradation of women in France during the aftermath of WWII?Why did Poland surrender so quickly in World War II?Why was Operation Barbarossa planned for when it was?Historically, what relations do the state of Germany and the church have?What was the Vikings influence on Normandy?US history research paper topicsThe United States of America is a very young country compared to the whole continents like Europe and Asia, but that doesn’t mean that there are no interesting US history topics to choose from. Therefore, make sure you read those below and get some idea on what you might want to write about .What is the story behind the civil war in the US?Why the US used two atomic bombs instead of just one in 1945?What were the most intriguing events in the time of colonization?How did the US fight for independence?How was America founded?Who were the first inhabitants of the USA?What culture and history did the Native Americans cherish before the arrival of Europeans?How were slaves treated in the USA?What led to the abolishment of slavery?What was the life of African-Americans like in the 19th century in the USA?How was the first Constitution written?What were the highlights of the Jeffersonian Republican Era?What is the story behind the Cold War?How did the US deal with the 9/11?What came after 9/11 in the modern history of the USA?Why was the attack on Pearl Harbor so significant historically? Why exactly did the Japanese attack the USA?How have taxes been introduced throughout the USA history?Why did the leaders of the American Revolution fail to establish equality for everyone? Who were the people behind the scene in the American Revolution?What traditions are related to Independence Day?Research paper topics on AfricaAs a continent, Africa is very rarely mentioned in the news so many people don’t really talk a lot about African culture and history through African countries also went through a lot of difficult situations with wars and crimes within the tribes. If you don’t want to write about Europe and the USA, then you should give Africa a chance since there are many interesting topics on Africa related to tribal lives as well as the development of the continent in general. In the list below, you can find some of the most intriguing topics about Africa.Why was South Africa determined to maintain apartheid?What happened in the Rwandan genocide?What was Africa like in the 1600s, was it similar to Europe and Asia?What are, historically speaking, the poorest countries in Africa and what led to the poverty of those countries?What are, historical ly speaking, the wealthiest countries in Africa and what lead to the wealth of those countries?Why did North Africa go from one of the wealthiest regions in the time of the Roman Empire to a regional backwater?What are some post-colonial troubles people in Africa had to face?Why did the Dutch move into South Africa?What is the story about Africa Campaign during World War II?What religions have been practiced in Africa?What makes the Democratic Republic of Congo different from its neighboring countries?What are some facts related to Ancient Africa?What were the most powerful empires from the 6th to the 18th century?What leads to the decolonization of Africa?What was the role of Africa in World War I?Why did it take until the 19th century for European powers to start colonizing Sub-Saharan Africa?Who was Idi Amin?What African leader did the most for his or her nation in modern history?What caused the Sudanese Civil War?What were the consequences of German Warfare in Africa in 1884?How were petroleum and oil discovered in Ethiopia?Who were famous authors coming from Africa?Middle East research paper topicsThe Middle East is considered to be the cradle of civilization. Therefore, you can be sure that there are some amazing research papers already written about this area of our beautiful planet. However, throughout the history, the Middle East was the center of trading, knowledge, and art so you can check the following Middle East research topics in order to find some of your likings.Was Genghis Khan’s decimation in the Middle East what led to dark ages for Islam?What are some less known facts about the Byzantine Empire?Who were the most powerful pharaohs of Egypt?What made the first great civilization of mankind, the Sumerians?Who was Sargon the Great?What empires spread over Mesopotamia?What are some significant events that happened in Pre-Islam Middle East?How did the Ottoman Empire spread to the Middle East?What came after the discovery of oil in Persia in 1908?Which countries in the Middle East have been economically powerful throughout history?What was feudalism like in the Middle East?What led to the creation of the United Arab Emirates?What were the reasons for British imperial expansion in the Middle East?Were the Crusades supported by Christians in the Middle East?What did the western world think of the Middle East in the 1800s and early 1900s?In what ways were Roman and Byzantine cultures adapted to and incorporated in the Middle East?What significant events changed the Middle East in modern history?

Assignment Essay Essay Example for Free

Assignment Essay Essay Sustainable tourism is being able to the deliver positive environmental, social, and economical results with thought to the needs of the visitors, host community and surroundings. Sustainability as defined in the Brundtland commission report it states as â€Å"meeting the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future generations to meet their needs†. For example, the small business are starting to practices sustainability principles by changing to renewable energy sources, reducing use of paper and recycling more. As a result, the concept of sustainability addresses the aspects of â€Å"triple bottom line† meaning the balance of societies, economy and the environment are described by (Bonevac, 2010). According to the World Tourism Organization, â€Å"sustainable tourism means meeting the needs of the present tourist and host regions while protecting and enhancing the opportunity for the future†. Instead of just being a product, sustainable tourism is a philosophy that underpins all tourism actions (Owens, Is there a Meaningful Definition of Sustainability? , 2003). To all tourism development and management, it is a fundamental concept instead of being an add-on factor. The foremost aim of sustainable tourism is to maintain the economic and social return of tourism development while reducing or justifying the unattractive impacts on the natural, historic, cultural or social environment (Governemnt, 2009). The stated objectives attained by matching the needs of tourists with those of the destination. Sustainable tourism is an industry, which challenges to make a little impact on the environment and the local culture, though helping to produce income, employment and the preservation of local ecology. Hence, responsible tourism is both cost-effectively and culturally responsive, meaning have minimum impact on the environment and culture of the host community (Group, 2007). Scotland Tourism Organization has defined sustainable tourism as â€Å"tourism committed to generating a low impact on the surrounding environment and community by acting responsibly while generating income and employment for the local economy and aiding social cohesion† (Organisation v. s. , 2013). Scotland Sustainable tourism aspires to guarantee that economic development in terms of encouraging experience for each one involved local community, Tourism Companies and visitors. In practice, sustainable tourism means greener transport, given that transport is innermost to tourism; however it also put pressure on our natural resources and contributes to our worldwide environment impacts. Procedures like cheering visitors to utilize communal transport, and advance in cleaner forms of transport will assist in this area (Organisation v. . , 2013). Regular and environmental strains a more even stretch of visitors lessens pressures on the natural and built environment and on communities, and capitalizes on the financial payback. Scotland Tourism Organization modifies its advertising drive to persuade a stretch of visitors throughout the year and around state (Organisation v. s. , 2013). For example, â€Å"surprise yourself†. There is necessary to work with the public, private and independent sectors to determine the environmental and social impacts of tourism. These guarantees that tourism expansion carries a encouraging experience for home people, tourism companies and the tourist themselves (Organisation v. s. , 2013). Green accommodation is one in that all room offers lessens their misuse, energy and water use. The green Tourism Business Scheme persuades businesses to trim down their environmental impacts. The scheme is one of the largest of its land in Europe with over 800 Scottish members (Organisation v. s. , 2013). However, any tourism industry can take advantage from flattering more sustainable through safeguarding the very features on which tourism depends; taking a sustainable move to tourism expansion is the only way to guarantee long-term tourism expansion in the South Pacific (Organisation v. s. , 2013). The success of tourism in any country depends on taking care of the environmental or social impacts of tourism development. The visitors benefit from sustainable move to tourism throughout from enhanced relates with local communities, a tall value tourism experiences and a natural and fabricated environment. Thus, by fetching a sustainable tourism destination will provide the South Pacific Tourism Businesses a cutthroat frame by producing community assistance for tourism; attaining value savings and designing innovative marketing prospect. As the tourism industry develop in as many regions and countries, it generates noteworthy impact on the consumption pattern, natural resources, pollution and social systems (Organisation v. s. , 2013). For the industry to survive as a whole it is vital to understand and interpret the need sustainable and responsible planning and management. To begin with, education and collaborative partnership are approaches that can assist destinations attain more sustainable tourism. The whole idea of sustainability based on the association through environmental, ecologically and socially responsible tourism. Partnerships with local communities through rural community gathering before and during development are needed in order to let alone the frequent divergence between conservation initiatives and traditional resources users (Billington, Carter, & Kayamba, 2008). The departments from the government can collaborate with the resource owners to develops and negotiate over the investment on proposal (English National Park Authorities Association, 2009). For example, the Chumbe Island Coral Park is a good example of collaborate partnership, which was developed to sustain the natural beauty and attractions of the island (English National Park Authorities Association, 2009). Chumbe Island is located in the Indian Ocean channel of the coast of the semi autonomous region of Zanzibar (English National Park Authorities Association, 2009). The person responsible for the project on the natural park at Chumbe Island was (David, 2011). During her work life, (David, 2011) experience the need for the conservation and sustaining of the natural flora and fauna. (David, 2011) developed an innovative approach to protect marine conservation combined with tourism development through the sustainable and multilevel partnership approach to promote successful marine park management, awareness of marine conservation and sustainable tourism management. David, 2011) Develop a small marine park that would help consume a unspoiled coral reef, offer environmental education for both the locals and the foreign visitors and generate management fund through authentic ecotourism. Thus, the need for the park at Chumbe Island arose due to improper aid and the government in the country noted conservation programs. Hence, the collaborative partnership arose to sustain the nature conservation of Tanzania for the future (English National Park Authori ties Association, 2009). Secondly, the partnership approach deals with the local communities because they are the essential people who are the resource owners (Governemnt, 2009). Engaging the local community in the environmental education on sustainability through workshops and seminars will increase their concerns for the global issues such as climate change (Clark, 2013). In addition, collaboration with NGO has to hold workshops with the angler’s, to engage them in sustainable fishing practices and conservation of the resources (David, 2011). Thus, the young and the old generation in the area is to be informed about sustainable fishing practices, laws and regulation regarding fishing practices and marine conservation area and the benefits of marine protected areas (Ki-Hoon & Ball, 2003). All this environmental awareness, education and training initiative with the community are to provide skill development on sustainable tourism (Group, 2007). The scale of growth of the tourism industry In the South Pacific is rapidly and that the environmental and social, economic impacts of it cannot be overlooked (Azam & Sarker, 2011). This has caused the Pacific Region to find ways in which the industries could be made more sustainable. The industry is more sustainable through minimizing resource use and waste production (Othman, 2004). For the sustainability of tourism, water is the major issue for concern. For example, a tourist in a hotels uses on standard one third of more water per day than a local inhabitant uses and put severe restriction on local supply (Othman, 2004). Activities such as golf course, artificial snow ski’ resorts are in demand of water. For small and medium sized business, sustainability thought of an expensive and difficult idea (Billington, Carter, & Kayamba, 2008). Most of the dominating tourism industries in the South Pacific have not actively engaged in government activities that encourages that adoption of sustainability practices (David, 2011). There are a number of barriers identified by the researchers that hinds implementing sustainability practices in South Pacific tourism businesses including the financial crisis for implementation, the labor insecurity of being certified, lack of government and industry support the technical nature of information forums. Hence are a number of actions businesses could undertake to improve environmental performance (Azam & Sarker, 2011). Activities’ relating to efficient resources use and waste management includes minimizing energy consumption, for example using open ventilation instead of air-conditioning and heaters encouraging the use of renewable sources and improved technology also Getting involved in accreditation programs (Owens, Is there a Meaningful Definition of Sustainability? 2003). There is a need to promote and facilitate the reduction, reuse and recycling of materials and water quality including the efficient treatment of sewerage, avoiding discharge into marine and rivers (Organisation, 2005). For example, in Australia the Australian formula 1 ING grand Prix Corporation, which works with environmental packaging and waste recycling partner to minimize the impact of the race on the environment? Billington, Carter, & Kayamba, 2008) Thus, by minimizing waste use, energy use and waste production, businesses can reduce their impact on the environment and achieve cost savings (Ki-Hoon & Ball, 2003). Furthermore, the conserving and giving value to natural and cultural heritage is of critical importance’s, in order to enhance the quality of life of local communities through tourism, and connect the people in is scheduling and management (Organisation, 2005). The growing awareness’s and generating direct and indirect support for conservation is the key role played by the tourism industry (Group, 2007). The generation of economic propensity for the tourism industry is to provide with quality natural and cultural heritage (Azam & Sarker, 2011). This would ensure the long-term competitiveness, viability and the prosperity of tourism enterprises and destinations and the quality of life of local communities and to the visitor experience by providing a safe, satisfying and fulfilling experience to the visitors available to all without discrimination by gender, race, religion, disability or in other ways (Organisation, 2005). Areas that are of importance to tourism natural and cultural includes the natural landscapes quality and variety, man-made cultural landscapes, heritage and historic sites, the flora and fauna diversity, local uniqueness such as art, crafts, cuisine, language events and festivals (Organisation, 2005). Thus, to address these issues listed above relevant action like being more prepared to use the tourism argument as to fund the prevention of nature and culture and to prevent damaging change (Clark, 2013). Also strengthening the relationship between protected area and local tourism interest, within the context of a sustainable tourism strategy and action plan would lead the South Pacific to be more sustainable (Organisation v. s. , 2013). Sustainable development is holistic in nature; therefore, it requires management of policies and coordination of action between sectors (Othman, 2004). To control the impact of tourism initiated by environmental or developmental strategies and policies legislation and regulations are necessary (Governemnt, 2009). Appropriate strategies or sets of policies for specific aspects of tourism were developed. For example, in Bulgaria the separate strategy for ecotourism, which reflects the sustainability principles? (Bonevac, 2010) This initiative can also be taken by the local Ministry of Environment of Tourism to integrate the strategy in terms of regulations (David, 2011). In coordinating and ensuring success of this specific sub-sector, such regulations and legislations can be very helpful. This can be very helpful in demonstrating processes and formulating policies that could be modified more widely in tourism (Ki-Hoon & Ball, 2003). Strategy and policies must be developed and implemented at both local and national level in order to achieve effective result. Most countries in the South Pacific are in the process of decentralizing their political and administrative structures so local decision-making is the vital aspect toward sustainability development (English National Park Authorities Association, 2009). An integrated approach to the development and management of tourism is within local destinations, is recognized as the most successful direction to sustainable tourism (Governemnt, 2009). Thus, it is vital for the national and local strategies to be corresponding but these two variable in tourism strategies vary in terms of national tourism strategies relates to the national tourism vision of the overall position and direction (Organisation v. s. , 2013). While local tourism strategies relates to the holistic of the local destinations in areas such as local objectives and priorities, local resource opportunity and constraints and many more (David, 2011). Hence, the identifying of policies and instruments to create the enabling environment for sustainable tourism is more of national strategy while the determining of what happens on ground is more of local strategies (Governemnt, 2009). Both the national and local tourism strategies are required for sustainable tourism to embrace the principles of sustainable development and both strategies are reliable and commonly reinforcing (Othman, 2004). Finally, the command control instrument allows government to exert strict control over certain aspects of development and operation, backed by legislation (Organisation, 2005). Legislation, regulation and licensing are the interdependent tools that can be used to strengthen sustainability by setting out requirements that are compulsory and enforceable and which lead to sanctions and penalties if they not met (Billington, Carter, & Kayamba, 2008). The process of checking and signaling compliance with regulations or otherwise identified obligatory standards; assigning permission to operate is called licensing (Organisation, 2005). To control aspects of business development and operations and to influence people’s behavior government are in a position to apply laws, regulations and penalties. These legislation and regulations must be applied when the governments believes that it is necessary to do so (Governemnt, 2009). Thus, for regulations to be successful, it has to be relevant, clear, practicable in terms of compliance and capable of being enforced. In order the tourism industry to be more sustainable the laws and legislations should enable and support the sustainability of tourism and give authority to act (Billington, Carter, & Kayamba, 2008). It should also seek to raise sustainability performance above such standards through other means, which would also stimulate personal commitment towards continual improvement. For example, in the government of Fiji builds up a (EIA) environmental Impact Assessment regulation, which stated that for any company or hotel with an EIA reports in Fiji, has to provide the Fiji Government with an EIA report of the development to progress (Turnbull, 2003). There are a number of areas in which laws and regulations can be implemented to attain more sustainable tourism industry and that includes operation, management and development which are controlled by this legislation to protect the environment, communities, culture and heritage, visitor experience and the business as a whole (Turnbull, 2003). The purpose of government intervention in the sector as law provides a vehicle for underpinning sustainability. These legislations can also provide the basis for enabling the control and licensing of activities specific to the tourism sector and for the undertaking to certain action to support tourism development (Organisation v. s. , 2013). To conclude, sustainable tourism is all about forecasting of long-term, working together examining on results and adaptive to change and the most effective thing is communication to put across the message of sustainable tourism. It is the duty of the private, public and independent sector to acquire leadership role in tackle the challenge of this sector. The degree at which the tourism industry is increasing in the South Pacific forecasts that the environmental and social impacts of tourism cannot be disregarded. Traditionally, a number of sustainable tourism activities has been carried out and is supported by the national Tourism Organization of the South Pacific countries. However, there are a number of challenges that still stay alive and need attention in order to be more sustainable tourism industry, like climate change. In order to tackle these challenges and grip future sustainable opportunities in a harmonized manner, research and development done in these South Pacific countries to handle these issues through sustainable tourism strategy plan. The tourism strategies plans would assist the tourism industry to change unenthusiastic community discernment of the industry and achieve economic benefits through sustainable practices. It believed that it would egg on business to hold sustainable tourism practices in order to meet consumers demand and to improve business performance. Sustainable tourism should be broadcasted and celebrated amongst tourists, host communities and the participants in the industry move the industry toward sustainability. Nevertheless, the commitment to change and improve must be authentic and supported on well-established procedures and actions that is to be achieved. Assignment Essay. (2016, Sep 09).

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After independence, India chartered a path of economic development based on mixed economy, building a new industrial structure around the public sector and a closely monitored, regulated and controlled system where government played the role of licenser in the process of building industry. There were few hiccups in between. In the late 70s Mrs. Indira Gandhi brought in small doses of liberalization. In the mid 80? s Rajiv Gandhi did likewise but the real change came in 1991 when economic crises were looming large on the horizon. India’s economy could be termed as a developing economy which is characterized by the coexistence, in greater or lesser degree, of utilized or unutilized manpower on the one hand and of unexploited and exploited natural resources on the other. A developing economy bears the common features of technological backwardness at low per capita income coupled by widespread poverty, heavy population pressure, low grade productivity, high unemployment, low level utilization of country’s natural resources, rigid social structure, predominance of old beliefs, lack of opportunity for capital formation, pre-dominance of agriculture and scanty participation in international trade etc. But all this is amidst a possibility of economic development, small pockets of high rates of economic growth and affluence. It is gain saying truth what the world economy has experienced that colonization directly lead to the exploitation of the colonized country by the colonial rulers. Colonization is also a factor for the underdevelopment of a country’s economy. India was a victim of the colonial feature of economic exploitation for more than hundred years. The British colonial exploitation in India can be broadly divided in three periods. They are (i) the period of merchandised capital, (ii) the period of industrial capital which leads to the drain of Indian wealth for the interest of British industry and (iii) the period of financial capital. During British period foreign capital flowed into India. However in real terms those capitals were not according to the proper needs of Indians and directly helped the capital growth of Britishers. The overall impact of British rule in Indian economy can be summed up as stagnation of per capita income ever a long period of time, high priority to the traditional method of agricultural activities, repeated famines and acute poverty of handicrafts and traditional village industries defective land holding and erroneous implemen tation of zamindari practices etc. The basic aim of British administration in India was to transform Indian subcontinent as a consumer market for British furnished goods, Technological up gradation and development of infrastructure as well as social infrastructure were negligible. During the independence Indian economy had almost all the features of an underdeveloped economy. In the last fifty years of self-rule, a lot of policy initiative has been taken up by the government of India to upgrade the economic base of the country. Still Indian economy is gripped by poverty, population explosion, backwardness both in agriculture and industry, low grade technological development, high unemployment and wide difference between the high and low income levels. Now in India incidence of poverty is coexisting with sophisticated nuclear technology. The policy measures taken within the last five decades metamorphosed Indian economy to break the stagnant per capita income to achieve self sufficiency in food grain production. Indian economy is a unique blend of public and private sector otherwise known as a mixed economy. It is also a dualistic economy both modern industry and traditional agricultural activities exist side by side. 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Annual budgets (both general and railway) and five year plans aye the backbone of India’s economic policy initiatives. Indian Economy since Independence-After India’s independence long spell of stagnation was broken with the introduction of economic planning. Since 1950s net national product at factor cost had arisen from Rs. 40,454 crore to 11,224 crores in 1999-2000. The growth of national income was 3. 8 percent. India’s per capita income has been running since 1950-51. India’s per capita income at current price was Rs. 160, 47. Apart from the growth in quantitative terms, there have been significant changes in India’s economic structure since independence. During the second plan priority was acceded to capital intensive manufacturing units. These industries now account for more than fifty percent of the industrialproduction. The transport system in India over the past four decades has grown both in terms of capacity and modernization. Then road network is one of the largest in the world as a result of spectacular development of roads under various lanes. The total road length comprising national high ways state high ways and other road accounted for 24. 66 lakhs km in 1996-97 progress of shipping, railways and civil aviation has equally been impressive. Though the country is presently facing an energy crisis but this sector has also gained much in termsof production. Similarly irrigation facilities in the country have increased raising irrigated area. Since independence significant reformation has taken place in the banking and financial sector ofIndia. The process of nationalization was initiated after independence. First the Reserve Bank was nationalized in 1949, thereafter in 1995 the Imperial Bank of India, a leading commercial bank of that time, was nationalized and renamed the State Bank of India. In 1969 fourteen big commercial banks were nationalized. This act of government undermined thecontrol of big capitalists on the finance capital. From the above argument we can conclude that the Indian economy is no longer caught in low levelequilibrium trap.